How are flea larvae protected during their pupal stage?

Flea larvae are protected during their pupal stage by spinning a silk cocoon. This cocoon serves as a protective covering that shields the developing pupa from environmental hazards, such as predators and adverse weather conditions. The silk cocoon allows the flea to remain safely enclosed while it undergoes metamorphosis into the adult stage.

This method of protection is particularly important for fleas because it helps ensure their survival during a critical phase of their life cycle when they are vulnerable. The cocoon can also provide some insulation against temperature extremes, which further aids in the pest's development.

While other options may reflect different types of protection utilized by various insects or other pest species, the specific mechanism of spinning a silk cocoon is distinctive to certain fleas during this specific life cycle stage.